基本上每个完整的句子都有一个动词,在表达第二个动作时可以用不定式、动名词、等价连词、从属连词或添加从句来连接。让我们告诉你关于英语动词省略的用法.的事情,让我们看看吧!
英语动词省略的用法:
■在口语中,有时可省略句中的连系动词。如:
How you doing? 近况如何?
说明:you 前省去了are,特别是在美国英语中。
Your sister dead? 你的妹妹死了?
说明:句首省去连系动词is。
Everybody gone? 人都走了吗?
说明:句首省去连系动词is。
Everything in good condition. 样样东西都完好无损。
说明:everything之后省去连系动词is。
■在比较结构中,than和as后的主语+系动词,通常可省略系动词。如:
Sally is as intelligent as Bill. 莎莉和比尔一样聪明。
说明:Bill后省略了is。
He is as quick in answering as his sister. 他回答得和他妹妹一样快。
说明:sister后省略了is。
His sister is quicker than he. 他妹妹比他敏捷。
说明:he后省略了is。
I’ m not as old as you. 我没有你年龄大。
说明:you后省略了are。
■承前省略连系动词。如:
To know is one thing, and to teach quite another. 知道是一回事,教又是一回事。
说明:to teach后省去了is。
Our flat is on the first floor and theirs on the third. 我们的公寓在一楼,他们的公寓在三楼。
说明:theirs后省去了is。
He is a millionaire and his father without a cent. 他是百万富翁而他父亲却不名一文。
说明:his father后省去了is。
■在报纸标题中也通常省去连系动词。如:
Arrests up for Economic Crimes 因经济犯罪而被逮捕之人数上升
说明:arrests后省去连系动词are。
Johnson Ready for Tokyo Meet 约翰逊准备参加东京运动会
说明:Johnson后省去连系动词is。
■whatever与however引导的让步状语从句可省去连系动词,如:
I refuse, however favourable the conditions. 不管条件如何有利,我都不干。
说明:conditions后省去了are。
In our company, every body is well taken care of, no matter what his position (is). 在我们公司,每个人都得到很好的照顾,不管他地位如何。
说明:his position后省去了is。
Whatever her faults, she’s Arnold’s mother. 不管她有什么缺点,她总是安诺德的母亲。
说明:her faults后省去了are。
■省去连系动词的用法还见于富有诗意的文体中。如:
She in tears. He gloomy and down-looking. 她泪流满面。他脸色阴沉而低垂着眼。
说明:she和he之后皆省去连系动词was。
How quick, how easy, the transition from despair to rapture. 从悲观失望到欣喜若狂,转变得多么快、多么轻易啊。
说明:非省略结构应是How quick and how easy is. . . 。
英语谓语的省略:
■在有些特殊语境中,有时可以省去句子的谓语。如:
Only one of us was injured, and he just slightly. 我们当中只有一人受了伤,而且只是轻伤。
分析:he后省去谓语was injured。
We went through the tests on a Monday. Jenny had hers during the day, and I mine after work. 有一个星期一,我们进行了检查。詹尼在白天,我是在下班之后。
分析:I之后省去谓语had。
■有时可省去谓语中的主要动词。如:
I’ll be round as quick as I can. 我将尽快赶来。
分析:can之后省去主要动词be。
I pitied her sincerely, as I would a child of my own. 我真心地爱怜她,就像爱怜我自己的孩子一样。
分析:would之后省去主要动词pity。
简单句中的省略用法:
A. 在对话、交际中
◎ 在回答他人的问题时,根据问题的类型和性质,只作简短的回答。如:
(1)—Do you like playing volleyball? 你喜欢打排球吗?
—Yes, I do. 是的,我喜欢。
(2)—Who is talking with our teacher? 谁在跟我们的老师谈话?
—Our headmaster. 我们的校长。
(3)—What is your favourite subject? 你最喜欢哪一学科?
—English. 英语。
◎ 谈论事物时,接着人家的话,发表自己的观点、看法,常省略相同的部分。此时,被省略的成分可根据上文内容补出。如:
(1) —Maths is very difficult. 数学很难。
—But very important and useful. 但是很重要、很有用。
(2) —Ann is very clever. 安妮很聪明。
—And very diligent. 并且也很勤奋。
◎ 表达心里感受时,主语、系动词常被省略。如:
(1) —How do you find English?你认为英语怎么样?
—Very interesting. 很有趣。
(2) —Nice to see you again. 又见到你真高兴。
(3) —What do you think about this film? 你认为这场电影怎样?
—Very disappointing. 非常令人失望。
B. 在某些句型中
◎ 祈使句中的主语常被省略
(1) Go and open the window. 去把窗户打开。
(2) Follow me, please. 请跟我来。
(3) Be bold but don’t be shy. 胆大一点,不要害羞。
(4) Don’t worry about them. 不要为他们操心。
◎ 感叹句
在发出感慨时,为了表达出强烈的感情,常省略主语、系动词或谓语动词等。如:
(1) What a good girl! 多好的女孩啊!
(2) How beautiful! 多美啊!
复合句中的省略用法:
一、在对话、交谈中
1. 回答问题时,往往可省略从句或主句中的某些成分、甚至整个从句或主句。如:
(1) —Where were you when the fire broke out last night? 昨天晚上发生火灾时,你在哪?
—(I was ) In Li Lei’s. 在李蕾家。
(2) —What will you do when you finish your homework? 你做完作业后干什么?
—I’ll go to play football with some friends. 我去跟朋友踢足球。
(3) —What are you going to be when you grow up? 你长大后打算干什么?
—I’m going to be a businessman. 我打算去做生意。
2. 提出建议、劝告、警告或许诺等时,也可省略句子中的某些成分。如:
(1) Work harder, and you’ll succeed. 工作再努力些,你就会成功。
(2) Take care when you walk on the ice. 在冰上行走时要小心。
(3) Hurry up, or you’ll be late. 快一点,不然就会迟到了。
二、某些句型中
1. 表示时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中,如果从句的主语跟主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it,而谓语动词是系动词be时,就可将从句的主语及系动词 be 省略。如:
(1) Solid can be turned into liquid and liquid into gas if heated enough. =solid can be turned into liquid and liquid can be turned into gas if it is heated enough. 如果加到足够的热,固体会变成液体,而液体又会变成气体。
(2) Have a little more if delicious. =You have a little more if it is delicious 如果好吃就多吃一点。
(3) Make changes where necessary. =You make changes where it is necessary. 在必要的地方作些修改。
(4) I won’t attend his party, though invited a few days ago. = I won’t attend his party, though I was invited a few days ago. 尽管几天前请了我,但我还是不会参加他的聚会。
2. 表示时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中,如果从句的主语跟主句的主语一致,就可将从句的主语省略,同时,将从句中的谓语动词变为分词形式。如:
(1) He was very excited when told that he had passed the exam. =He was very excited when he was told that he had passed the exam. 当告诉他考试通过了时,他非常兴奋。
(2) If running a little faster, he will take the first place. =If he runs a little faster, he will take the first place. 如果再跑快一点,他就会获得第一名。
(3) They began to talk warmly as if being good friends. =They began to talk warmly as if they were good friends. 他们就好像是好朋友一样开始热烈地谈论起来。
3. 条件从句中的主语是第二人称时,可将if及从句的主语省略成为祈使句,从而用and / or 等将两句连接起来,成为并列句。如:
(1) Give me ten more minutes, and I’ll finish it. = If you give me ten more minutes, I’ll finish it. 多给我十分钟,我就会把它完成了。
(2) Drive slowly, or you’ll get a fine. = If you don’t drive slowly, you’ll get a fine. 开慢一点,否则你就会被罚。
有时,这个句型可进一步省略,成为:more + 名词,and + 句子。如:
A little more effort, and you get it finished. = If you make a little more effort, you’ll get it finished. 再努力一点,你就会把它完成了。
4. 比较状语从句中,常将从句中与主句中的相同成分省略。如:
(1) The weather in the south is much better than in the north. = The weather in the south is much better than the weather in the north is good. 南方的天气比北方的天气好多了。
(2) The Beijing you see today is much more beautiful than it was twenty years ago. = The Beijing you see today is much more beautiful than it was beautiful twenty years ago. 你今天所看到的北京比二十年前的北京漂亮多了。
注意:当比较的主句和从句都为及物动词带宾语时,从句省略后,留下的代词用主格或宾格时,意思不同。如:
He likes the dog better than she. 他比她更喜欢那条狗。
He likes the dog better than her. 他喜欢那条狗甚于喜欢她。
因此,从句的主语若为名词,省略谓语部分后须加助动词do 的适当形式,否则就会产生歧义。如:
He likes his dog better than his wife does. 他比他的妻子更喜欢那条狗。
He likes his dog better than his wife. 他喜欢那条狗甚于喜欢他的妻子。
5. 名词性从句中的一部分省略。如:
(1) He was late this morning, but I don’t know why. 他今天早晨吃到了,但我不知道他迟到的原因。
(2) He got here this morning, but do you know how? 他今天早晨就到这儿了,但我不知道他是怎么来的。
6. 主句中的一部分省略。如:
(1) Glad to hear that you succeeded in finding the answer. 听说你成功地找到了答案,我很高兴。
(2) What if he did come today? 要是他今天不来,那怎么办呢?