ing分词具有动词的某些特征,可以带宾语或状语,从而一起构成动词-ing短语。让我们告诉你关于英语动词后加ing的用法.的事情,让我们看看吧!
英语动词后加ing的用法:
(1) 作主语
-ing分词短语放在句子的前面做主语,但当-ing分词短语较长时,为了使句子保持平衡,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放到句子的末尾。如:
Reading makes a man perfect. 阅读使人完美。
Crying over spilt milk is no use. —It is no use crying over spilt milk. 牛奶倒了,哭也无益。
-ing分词做真正的主语时常用于句型:It is no use doing…/ It is no good doing… / It is useless doing…/ It is worthwhile doing…如:
It is no good reading in the sun. 在阳光下看书是不好的。
It is useless remembering words only. 只记单词是没有用的。
(2) 作宾语
-ing分词既可做某些动词的宾语,也可做介词的宾语。
a. -ing分词并不是做所有及物动词的宾语,而是只能做某些及物动词的宾语,如:admit, advise, allow, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, fancy, forbid, imagine, mind, miss, keep, pardon, permit, postpone, practice, prevent, resist, risk, suggest, stop及下列短语动词的宾语: carry on, can’t help, feel like, give up, keep on, put off, set about, object to, insist on, prevent from, pay attention to, stick to, refer to, get down to, look forwards to, devote…to, be / get used to, lead to。如:
I dislike playing cards. 我不喜欢打牌。
He enjoys reading stories. 她喜欢读故事。
He got down to working as soon as he got to the office. 他一进入办公室就开始工作。
b. 下列动词或形容词: want, require, need, deserve, worth带-ing分词作宾语时,主动形式表被动意义。如:
The book is worth reading. 这本书值得读。
The house requires repairing at once. 这座房子需要马上维修。
c. 介词除besides, but, except接不定式外,一般都须接-ing分词作宾语。如:
You must finish your work before going to the concert. 你必须在去听音乐演唱会之前必须把工作完成。
On seeing her mother, the little girl began to cry out. 这个小女孩一看见她的母亲就大哭了起来。
(3) 作表语
-ing分词作表语时,有两种情况,一方面,当-ing分词具有名词性质时,-ing分词短语说明主语的内容;另一方面,当-ing分词具有形容词性质时,-ing分词说明主语的性质或特征。如:
His job is teaching English. 他的工作是教英语。(说明工作的内容)
His job is interesting. 他的工作很有趣。(说明工作的特征)
注意:当-ing分词的动作是主语所发出的时,句子不是系表结构,而是动词现在进行时。如:
He is teaching Japanese at that school. 他在那所学校教日语。(现在进行时)
(4) 作宾语的补足语
下列动词可接-ing分词作宾语的补足语。
a. 感、知觉动词:feel, hear, look at, listen to, notice, observe, sense, see, watch 可接-ing分词作宾语的补足语。如:
I heard her singing in the next door? 当时我听见她在隔壁唱歌吗?
I watched them playing volleyball on the playing ground. 我观看他们在操场上打排球。
b. 动词find, get, have, keep, leave, send,suggest可接-ing分词作宾语的补足语。如:
I found the missing boy playing by the river. 我发现那个失踪的男孩在河边玩。
Don’t have your guest standing there and ask him to sit down. 不要让客人站在那里, 请他入坐。
动词-ing形式作主语和宾语的三类重要考点:
考点一:考查介词后接动词时所用形式
【考题实例】One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about ___61___ (be) late for school. (2014课标卷II语法填空题)
【考点分析】本句答案为being。因为空格前的 about 为介词,根据英语语法的要求,当介词后面接一个动词作宾语时,这个动词通常要用-ing形式(即传统语法中的动名词形式)。又如:
I’m very nervous about taking that exam. 参加那个考试我很紧张。
She rested for two weeks after being in the hospital. 出院后,她休息了两周。
Save the document to disk before closing it. 关闭文件前把它保存到磁盘上。
He ran ten kilometres without stopping. 他一路不停跑了10公里。
【特别提醒】表示“除……之外”的介词but和except是例外,当它后面接动词作宾语时,该动词通常用不定式(不定式是否带to与其前是否有动词do有关:有do则通常不带to,没有do则通常带to)。如:
It had no effect except to make him angry. 除惹他生气外,没产生任何效果。
She had nothing to do except spend money. 她除了花钱更无所事事。
考点二:考查习惯上只接动词-ing形式作宾语的用法
【考题实例】Still, the boy kept ___67___ (ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. (2014课标卷II语法填空题)
【考点分析】本题答案填 riding。在英语中,当一个动词后面接另一个动词作宾语时,用作宾语的动词有时要用不定式,有时要用动词的-ing形式,而本句中的 keep 则是一个只跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词。
【相关归纳】习惯上只接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词主要有: acknowledge, admit, advise, allow, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, discuss, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, finish, forbid, forgive, give up, imagine, include, involve, keep, mention, mind, miss, pardon, permit, postpone, practice, prevent, prohibit, propose, put off, recall, recollect, recommend, repent, report, resist, risk, save, stop, suggest, understand, witness等。
【温馨提示】动词keep后接动词-ing形式的用法似乎是高考命题特别青睐的一个考题,请再看2014年的一道真题(答案为holding):
Keep ___64___ (hold) your position for a while. It helps develop your strength and flexibility. (2014辽宁卷语法填空题)
考点三:考查动词-ing形式与不定式的用法区别
【考题实例】I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused ___66___ (stop) until we reached the next stop. (2014课标卷II)
【考点分析】本题答案填 to stop。在高考中动词-ing形式的用法总与不定式的用法有着千丝万缕的联系。正如有些动词后接另一动词作宾语习惯上要用-ing形式一样,还有一些动词则习惯上要接不定式作宾语,本题的 refuse 就是其中之一。高考阅卷的统计数据表明,做题本题的答卷中,90%以上的考生是错填了动词的-ing形式(stopping)。
【相关归纳】习惯上只接不定式作宾语的动词主要有:afford, agree, apply, arrange, ask, attempt, beg, choose, claim, decide, decline, demand, desire, determine, expect, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, resolve, wish等。
动词-ing形式作表语和宾补的三个要点:
考点一:考查动词-ing形式作表语的用法
【考题实例】The wife said to his husband, “Buying such a white elephant is simply _______ (waste) money.”
【考点分析】答案为wasting。在通常情况下,如果主语动词的-ing形式,则其表语通常也用-ing形式。又如:
Doing that was playing with fire. 这样做是玩火。
Talking to you is talking to the wall. 和你谈是对牛弹琴。
Denying this will be shutting one’s eyes to facts. 否认这一点就是睁眼不看事实。
【知识拓展】动词-ing形式作表语有两个明显特点:一是表示等价内容,即表示表语与主语“等价”,用以具体说明主语的具体内容,此时的动词-ing形式就是传统语法中的动名词;二是表示主语的性质或特征等,此时的动词-ing形式就是传统语法中的现在分词,但这样的-ing形式通常已转化为形容词。如:
My job is looking after the children. 我的工作就是照看这些孩子。(动名词looking after…作表语,表示主语my job的具体内容)
The work is difficult, but it is interesting. 这件工作虽然很难,但很有趣。(现在分词转化来的形容词interesting作表语,表示主语the work的特征)
考点二:考查动词-ing形式作宾补的用法
【考题实例】He arrived home just in time to see his brother _______ (take) away by the police.
【考点分析】答案为being taken。根据句子前半部分的He arrived home just in time to see(他到家时正好看到)可知,空格处所填动词是指一个动词正在进行或发生的瞬间,故宜用动词的-ing形式,再根据句末的 by the police(被警察)以及his brother与take之间的关系,可知此处的动词-ing形式应用被动式,句意为:他到家时正好看到他的兄弟被警察带走。又如:
He often came to watch the boats being loaded and unloaded. 他常常到这里来看轮船装货卸货。
I woke up to hear the bedroom door being opened slowly. 我醒过来,听见卧室的门慢慢地被推开。
【知识拓展】与动词-ing形式作表语类似,动词-ing形式作宾补也有两个明显特点:一是表示等价内容,即表示宾补与宾语“等价”,用以具体说明宾语的具体内容,此时的动词-ing形式就是传统语法中的动名词;二是表示宾语的性质、特征、正在进行的动作等,此时的动词-ing形式就是传统语法中的现在分词,这样的-ing形式若表示宾语的性质特点,则通常可视为形容词来理解,若表示宾语进行的动作,则不能视为形容词。如:
I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul. 我管这叫做拆东墙补西墙。(宾补robbing Peter to pay Paul为传统语法中的动名词,用以说明 this 的具体内容)
No one thought the film interesting. 没人认为这部电影很有趣。(宾补interesting为传统语法中的现在分词,其实已转化为形容词,它在此用以说明 film 的性质或特点)
The police observed the man entering the bank. 警方监视着那男子进入银行的情况。(宾补entering the bank为传统语法中的现在分词,用以说明 them man 当时正在进行的动作)
考点三:考查动词-ing形式作表语时与-ed形式的区别
【考题实例】Please stop making that noise—it’s getting ________ (annoy).
【考点分析】答案为annoying,不能填annoyed。本考点主要涉及动词-ing形式与-ed形式的用法区别。又如:
It was half seven; her mother would be annoyed because he was so late. 7点半了,他到得这么晚,她母亲一定会生气的。
It’s really annoying when a train is late and there’s no explanation. 火车误点而又不作任何解释,这很令人恼火。
【知识拓展】有的同学认为:-ed形容词只用于修饰人,-ing形容词只用于修饰事物,其实不一定。正确的理解是:-ed形容词指人的感觉,表示人感到如何;而-ing形容词则指事物给人的感觉,表示令人感到如何。比较:
The man was very much frightened. 这个人非常害怕。
The man was very much frightening. 这个人非常可怕。
Her son was very disappointed. 她的儿子非常失望。
Her son was very disappointing. 她的儿子非常令人失望。
-ed形容词除用于说明人的感觉外,有也用于修饰voice, look, expression, appearance, manner, smile等,用以表示该名词逻辑主语的感觉。如:
He gave her an astonished look. 他惊异地望了她一眼。
Mr. Knight gave a satisfied smile. 奈特先生露出满意的微笑。
His face wore a puzzled expression. 他脸上有一种困惑的表情。
She had a worried look on her face. 她脸上有一种忧虑的表情。
动词的ing形式(v.+ing)什么时候是形容词或名词:
▲一个动词后面加了-ing后,它叫现在分词或动名词,但有些现在分词会换化为形容词,有些动名词会转化为名词,具体如何界定,没有固定的标准,最好的方法就是查词典,但记住一些常见的 –ing形容词和-ing名词是有必要的。
▲以下为一些常见的 –ing 形容词:
amazing令人惊讶的
astonishing令人惊呆的
boring a.令人厌烦的,乏味的,无聊的
corresponding 相应的,相当的;符合的,一致的
devastating 毁灭性的;令人震惊的
embarrassing令人尴尬的
exciting 令人兴奋的,使人激动的
fascinating 迷人的,有极大吸引力的
following 接着的,下述的
frightening令人害怕的
interesting 有趣的,引起兴趣的
leading 最重要的,主要的
living 活(着)的,生活的
moving 令人感动的
outstanding 突出的,杰出的
overwhelming 势不可挡的,压倒的
preceding 在先的,在前的,前面的
promising 有希望的,有前途的
puzzling 令人困惑不解的
satisfying令人满意的
striking 显著的,突出的
surprising 令人惊奇的
terrifying令人恐惧
tiring 令人厌倦的
touching 触动人心的
willing 愿意的,乐意的
▲以下为一些常见的 –ing 名词:
beginning 开始,开端
being 生物,人
bowling 保龄球运动:
building 建筑物,房屋
ceiling 天花板
clothing 服装,衣着
crossing 人行横道;交叉口
drawing 图画,素描(画)
ending 结局,结尾,终结
engineering 工程(学),工程师行业
feeling 感情,体谅,同情;感觉,知觉
fencing 击剑(术);栅栏,篱笆
finding 调查(或研究)的结果
greeting 问候,招呼
hearing 听力,听觉
learning 知识,学问
meaning 意义,意思,含义
meeting 会议,集会
opening 口子,洞,孔
painting (一幅)画;绘画,绘画艺术
reading 读,阅读
saving 节省,节约
setting 环境,(小说等的)背景,(舞台等的)布景
spelling 拼写,拼法
thinking 想法,意见,见解
training 训练,培养
understanding 谅解,(非正式)协议
writing 著作,作品