助动词是帮助主动词构成谓语的动词。助动词本身没有意义,不能单独做谓语。它们只能和其他动词一起构成谓语,表示时态、语态、语气等。或表示怀疑或否定。让我们告诉你关于关于英语助动词的用法.的事情,让我们看看吧!
关于英语助动词的用法:
常用的助动词有be, do, does, did, have, has, shall, will, would等。如:
He doesn’t like English. 他不喜欢英语。(doesn’t是助动词,本身无词义,只是协助主要动作like表示否定含义)
协助主要动词完成以下功用:
(1) 表示时态
He is singing. 他在唱歌。
He has arrived. 他已经到了。
(2) 表示语态
He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。
(3) 构成疑问句
Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗?
(4) 构成否定句:与not合用构成否定。如:
I don’t like him. 我不喜欢他。
(5) 加强语气
I do love you. 我真的喜欢你。
(6) 构成倒装句
Never did I hear of such a thing. 我从未听说过这样的事情。
(7) 用作代动词
He works hard than you do. 他比你工作努力些。(do代替work)
助动词shall和will的用法:
shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时,例如:
I shall study harder at English. 我将更加努力地学习英语。
He will go to Shanghai.他要去上海。
说明:
在过去的语法中,语法学家说shall用于第一人称,will 只用于第二、第三人称。现在,尤其是在口语中,will常用于第一人称,但shall只用于第一人称,如用于第二、第三人称,就失去助动词的意义,已变为情态动词,试比较:
He shall come. 他必须来。(shall有命令的意味。)
He will come. 他要来。(will只与动词原形构成一般将来时。)
助动词have的用法:
助动词have以及它的变体has, had等的主要用法如下:
1. have +过去分词,构成完成时态。如:
He has left for Japan. 他已去了日本。
We’ve just done the washing-up. 我们刚洗完碗碟。
Poor Jim has just had an accident. 可怜的吉姆刚出了个事故。
I have had this car for three years. 这辆汽车我已用了3年了。
By the end of last month, they had finished the work. 上月未他们就已经完成了工作。
2. have + been +现在分词,构成完成进行时。如:
I have been studying English for 8 years. 我学英语已达八年了。
The children have been having a lot of run. 孩子们一直玩得很开心。
We had been doing business with each other for years before we quarreled. 在吵翻之前,我们多年来在业务上一直来往。
By this time next year, we will have been doing business with each other for 20 years. 到明年这时候,我们的业务住来就满20年了。
I woke up—I had been having a bad dream. 我醒了,我做了个噩梦。
3. have+been +过去分词,构成完成式被动语态。如:
English has been taught in China for many years. 中国教英语已经多年。
I have been made redundant, so I’m going abroad. 我被定成了超编人员,所以我打算出国。
Thousands of pounds have been spent on the new hospital. 这家新医院花费了数千英镑。
None of my friends have been invited to the party. 我的朋友中没有一个被邀参加晚会。
All means have been used to get him to change his mind. 为了转变他的想法,所有的办法都用过了。
助动词be的用法:
1. be +现在分词,构成进行时态。如:
They are having a meeting. 他们正在开会。
We were planting trees this time yesterday. 我们昨天这个时候在植树。
2. be + 过去分词,构成被动语态。如:
The door was broken by Tom. 门是汤姆打破的。
English is taught in our school. 我校教英语。
3. be + 动词不定式,可表示:
A. 打算、决定、计划、安排等。如:
He is to visit Japan next week. 他决定下周访问日本。
I was to have told you yesterday, but you were not in. 我本打算昨天告诉你的,但你不在家。
B. 指示、命令、禁止等,即“必须,一定”。如:
You are to hand in the exercises tomorrow. 你们明天必须交练习。
You’re not to (=You mustn’t) smoke here. 你不可以在此处抽烟。
C. 责任、义务、需要,即“该不该”。如:
You are to (=should) report to the police. 你应该报警的。
Am I to go on with the work? 这工作我该不该继续干下去?
D. 可能性,与can, may相当,不定式多用被动式。如:
The book was not to (=could not) be found. 那本书可能找不到了。
E. 假设,用于虚拟条件句中。如:
If it were to rain, we would get wet. 要是下雨,我们就会淋湿。
F. 表示注定要发生或后来必然发生。如:
This experience was to change his life. 这次经历注定要改变他的生活。
注:不定式作表语与上述用法是不同的。如:
My idea is to go there today. 我的意思是今天就去那里。